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 GroveStudies Production: Makeup Test Paper Solution 3.0 Q1. A.  Soil pH or soil reaction is an indication of acidity or alkalinity of soil and it measure in PH unit Q 1 B.  Humus is a complex and rather resistant mixture of brown or dark brown amorphous and colloidal organic substance that results from microbial decomposition and synthesis. chemical and physical properties of great significance to soils and plants Q1. C.  Buffer is a solution in which the mixture of acidic and basic molecules it is registered to change in pH known as buffer. Q1. D.  The constant movement of air in the soil mass resulting in the renewal of gases is known as soil aeration soil air contains gases like nitrogen Oxygen carbon dioxide and others. Q1. E.  Soil microorganisms are broadly defined as a group of microscopic life forms that include bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes like fungi. Section B  GroveStudies Production: Q2. A.  Benefits of Soil organisms :-  Organic matter decomposition. • Inor

     CHAPTER 2 –     SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS   All flowering plants show sexual reproduction. At least five flowers of ornamental value that are commonly cultivated at homes and in garden. PRE-FERTILISATION : STRUCTURES AND EVENTS :- Androecium consists of a whorl of stamens representing the male reproductive organ and the gynocium represents the female reproductive organ.   Stamen – the long and slender stalk called the Filament. Bilobed structure called the anther. The proximal end of the filament is attached to the thalamus or the petal of the flower. The number and length of stamens are variable in flowers of different species. A typical angiosperm anther is bilobed with each lobe having two theca, i.e, they are dithecous. The anther is a four- sided (tetragonal) structure consisting of four microsporangia located at the corners, two in each lobe. The microsporangia develop further and become pollen sacs. It nourishes the developing polle