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Join Our Telegram Group:- GroveStudies   VIRUS ,VIROIDS PRIONS AND LICHENS In the five kingdom classification of whittaker there is known as mention of lichen and some a cellular organisms virus,viroids and prions. The virus are non cellular organisms that are characterized by having an in insert crystalline structure outside the living cell. The name virus that means venom or poisonous fluid was given by of the the Dimitri Ivanocosky 1892 recognise certain microbes as casual organisms of the the mosaic disease of tobacco. These were found to be smaller than bacteria because they are passed through bacteria proof filter. M.W. Beijerinek 1898 demonstrated that the the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluids of contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluids).  W.M. Stanley 1935 show that virus could be crystalline and crystals consists lajari of proteins. • virus are obligate parasite. • viruses are contains genetic mate

Join our Telegram Group :- GroveStudies                 KINGDOM FUNGI  Unique Kingdom of heterotrophic organisms. * Great diversity in morphology and habitat. * Antibiotic "Penicillium". * Slender thread like structure called hyphae. * The network of hyphae is known as mycelium. * The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and polysaccharides.  * Most of Punjabi are heterotrophs peak and observe soluble organic matter from dead substrate and hence are called saprophytes. * Reproduction each function can take place by vegetative means fragmentation fission and budding. * A sexual reproduction called cornelia and sporangiospore or zoospores , and sexual reproduction by oospores , ascospores and basidospores. The various sports are produced in distinct structure called fruiting bodies. The sexual cycle involves the three steps :-  a. Fusion is protoplasm between two motile or nonmotile gametes called plasogamy.  b. Fusion of two nuclei is called karyogamy. c. Meiosis in zi