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  Unit - 2.   part 〽️ 2 Fundamentals of crop physiology  Photosynthesis :-   Photosynthesis is a physio – chemical process in which green plants convert high energy to chemical energy (organic Compound sugar).  The chemical energy stored in the form of sugar, which are created are from water and carbon dioxide.   -  Photosynthesis is also used by the algae to convert the solar energy into chemical energy.  - Photosynthesis occurs when plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. - Leaves contains the microscopic cellular organalls known as chloroplasts.  - Each chloroplasts contains a green color pigment is called chlorophyll.  -  light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules whereas carbon dioxide & oxygen enter through the tiny pores of stomata located in the epidermis of the leaves.  - Another by-product of photosynthesis is sugars such as glucose and fructose.  Photosynthesis is Occurs in :-    Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynth

 Syllabus of Crop Physiology  Syllabus of Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Unit - 1    Carbohydrates and Lipids :-  Introduction  Historical aspects of Biochemistry  Scope, impact and importance of Biochemistry in plant sciences  Properties of water , PH and Buffers  Carbohydrates Classification   Monosaccharides – Structural aspects  Mutarotation  Reducing and oxidizing properties. Oligosaccharides Functions Polysaccharides functions  Lipids – Importance and classification  Structural and properties of fatty acids  Essential Fatty acids  Storage lipids  Membrane lipids  Function of Lipids  Saponification  Hydrogenation  RM number  Acid value  Unit 2  Amino Acids , Proteins and Enzymes :-  Amino Acids , Structural and Classification  Zwitterions Titration of amino acids  Peptides  Oligopeptides  Acyclic and Cyclic peptides  Proteins – Importance , Classification and Properties  Isoelectric PH  Denaturation  Protein – Structural Organisation  Primary - Secondary –

The science which deals with the knowledge about plants is called botany. Plant physiology :-  Plant physiology branch of body which deals with the fundamental process and the function in plants. Fundamental process of plants like photosynthesis plants nutrition., Respiration plant hormones , tropism, nastic movements, photo- periodism, photo- morphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress seed germination transpiration and plant water relation are studied under plant physiology. Crop physiology:-  Crop physiology deals with the study of definite Khan population in unit age of in-game special importance because it allows the study of growth of plant and acceptance rate of soil environmental condition. Crop physiology and hence the production potential of by better utilisation of physiological process at the source as well as the sink levels. Importance of plant physiology in agriculture:-  Production physiology