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                          Bryophytes  • Bryophytes include the various mosses and liverworts that are found commonly growing in the most shaded area in hills.  It is also called Amphibians of the plant kingdom.   Water for sexual reproduction.   It plays important role in plant succession on bare rocks / soils.   Root – like, leaf – like or stem – like structure.   \the male sex organ is called antheridium. They produce biflagellated antherzoids. The female sex organ archegonium is flask – shaped produces a single eggs.   Zygote do not undergo reduction division immediately.   Species of Sphagnum, a moss , provide peat.   Mosses along with lichens one the first organisms to colonise rocks.   Great ecological importance.   Reduce the impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion.   The Bryophytes are divided into liverworts and mosses.  Liverworts :-  • The plant body of a liverworts is thalloid. Eg, Marchantia.  • Gemmae are green , multicellular , asexual bud