Know all About Bryophytes

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                         Bryophytes 


• Bryophytes include the various mosses and liverworts that are found commonly growing in the most shaded area in hills.

 It is also called Amphibians of the plant kingdom. 

 Water for sexual reproduction. 

 It plays important role in plant succession on bare rocks / soils. 

 Root – like, leaf – like or stem – like structure. 

 \the male sex organ is called antheridium. They produce biflagellated antherzoids. The female sex organ archegonium is flask – shaped produces a single eggs. 

 Zygote do not undergo reduction division immediately. 

 Species of Sphagnum, a moss , provide peat. 

 Mosses along with lichens one the first organisms to colonise rocks. 

 Great ecological importance. 

 Reduce the impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion.

 

The Bryophytes are divided into liverworts and mosses. 

Liverworts :- 

• The plant body of a liverworts is thalloid. Eg, Marchantia. 

• Gemmae are green , multicellular , asexual buds, which develops in small receptacles called gemma cups. 

Mosses :-

The predominant stage of the life cycle of a moss is the gametophyte which consists of two stages. 

• The first stage is “Protonema” . stage , which develops directly from a spores. It is a creeping , green, branched and frequently filamentous stage. 

• The second stage is “leaf stage” stage, which consists of upright , slender axes bearing spirally arranged leaves. 

• The sporophytes in mosses is more elaborate than in liverworts.

• The mosses have an elaborate mechanism of spore dispersal. Funnaria, Polytrichum , Sphagnum. 

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