3.0 Most Important Topics In Agriculture Heritage Water Harvesting and Post Harvest Management

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 Weather Harvesting and irrigation developments during different periods – water storage – distribution and relevance to modern agriculture.

The need for continuous supply of water for irrigation whether from canal, well, pond or lake is realized as the most important for agriculture in ancient period. 

The different irrigation principles adopted in ancient period are : 

  Construction of large mud embankment on a stone foundation for diverting flood water.

  Bulding of small tanks. 

  Severe penalty was imposed when water is let out other than sluice gate. 

  Extensive tank irrigation systems were adopted in Sri Lanka and later in South India.

 Methods of conserving rain water In ancient days itself, people, especially Indians, know the methods of conservation of rain water. 

The various methods of rainwater harvesting are classified below under two category, 

Traditional and Modern methods. 

Traditional rainwater harvesting, which is still prevalent in rural areas, was done in surface storage bodies like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks, temple tanks etc

 Bamboo method of rainwater harvesting

 Traditional Rain water harvesting.

Weather Forecasting :- Astronomy : Prediction of Rain :- 

The ancient / indigenous method of weather forecast may be broadly classified into two categories. 

 1. Observational method 

  Atmospheric changes 

  Bio-indicators 

  Chemical changes 

  Physical changes 

  Cloud forms and other sky features 2. Theoretical methods ( or) Astrological factors ( or) planetary factors 

  Computation of planetary positions and conjunctions of planets and stars 

  Study of solar ingress and particular date of months 

  Study of Nakshatra Chakras 

  Study of Nadi Chakras 

  Dashatapa Siddhanta

Post Harvest Management :- 

Packaging of food commodities using containers made of bamboo sticks and internally lined with cow dung for grains, potato, maize cobs etc..

 Use of neem/mint/walnut as antimicrobial agent for grain storage. Storage of pulses by mixing with turmeric powder or mustard oil. 

 Storage for seed crops in under ground pits dug in fields with a pitcher and covering the top of pit with ash and soil to create zero energy cool chambers. 

 Pickled mango, lime, etc. packed in sterilized earthen pots using mustard oil. Storage of cabbage, ginger was done under ground pits which provided cool condition for storage ensuring freshness for prolonged use.

 Storage of sugar/jaggery in large earthen pots with top cover made of wood.

 Use of smoke for protection of fruit crops from frost damage. Use of wood ash on vegetables to ward off pests and to enhance nutrient status of soil.



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