GroveStudies ©

                   Gymnosperms :-   The gymnosperms (gymno ; Naked , Sperma ; seeds ) are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary walls & remain exposed.  • The giant redwood free sequoia is one of the tallest trace species.  • Mycorrhiza (Pinus).  • (Cycas) small specialised roots called coralloid roots.  • Stems are unbranched ( cycas ) or branched ( pInus, Cedrus).  The leaves may be simple or compound. In cycas the pinnate leaves persist for a few years .  • The leaves in gymnosperms are well- adopted to withstand extrems of tempreture, humidity and wind. In conifers , the needle – like leaves reduce the surface area. Their thick cuticle & sunken stomata also helps to reduces water loss.  • The gymnosperms are heterosperes , they produce haploid microsproes and megaspores.  • The males or female cones or strobli may be borone on the same tree ( Pinus). However, in cycas male cones and megasporophylls are borone on different trees.  • The megaspore