Protein and Hemoglobin Notes

By -

 Unit - 2  

 Click Protein and Hemoglobin to see notes. in form of Pdf. 

 


Join Our Telegram Channel - Grovestudies


WHAT IS PROTEIN ? 

Proteins are very large molecules composed of basic units is called Amino acids. 
In addition, to containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen amino acids contains nitrogen. 
Proteins are highly complex molecules that are actively involved in the most basic and important aspects of life. 
These include metabolism, movement , defense, cellular communication, and molecular recognition. 

CLASSIFCATION OF PROTEINS 

On the basis of composition proteins are classified as simple or conjugated. 
Simple proteins  sserum albumin , contains only amino acid. 
In contrast, conjugated proteins consists of a simple proteins combined with a non protein component. This non protein part is called Prosthetic group. 
Conjugated proteins without prosthetic group is called apoprotein.
Derived Proteins – these are proteins derived by partial complete hydrolysis from the simple or conjugated  proteins by the action of acids, alkalies or enzymes. 

CONJUGATED PROTEINS 

These are simple proteins combined with some non protein substances known as prosthetic groups. 
The nature of the non – protein or prothetic groups is the basis for the sub classification of conjugated proteins. 
Nucleoprotein , Lipoprotein , phosphoprotein , Glycoprotein, Chromoprotein. 

PRIMARY (FIRST LEVEL) 

Protein structure is a sequence of amino acids in a chain.
 The number of amino acids and the order in which they are covalently linked together by peptide bond. 

SECONDARY (LEVEL) 

Protein structure is formed by folding and twisting of the amino acid chain. 

TERTIARY (THIRD LEVEL) 

Protein structure is formed when the twist and folds of the secondary structure fold again to form a larger three dimensional structure. 
Which are maintained chiefly by following kinds of bonds. Salt linkage , hydrophobic bond, hydrogen bond. 

QUATERNARY (FOURTH LEVEL) 

Protein structure is a protein consisting of more than one folded amino acid chain. 

HEMOGLOBIN 

Hemoglobin is a protein in a red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body organ and tissues and transport CO2 from your organs and tissue back to your lungs. 
Hemoglobin molecule is a oligomertic conjugated protein which consists of four separate polypeptide chains, exhibits quaternary porphyrin. 
HbA1  which contain @ and beta two chains, represent about 98 percent of all Hb found in adult RBCs. 
A @ chain contain 141 amino acids residues and Beta chain contain 146 amino acid residues. 
Thus , HbA1 is designated as @2B2. 





Use password to Open PDF ;-  grove@123

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

EXTRASSS Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture Test Solution by AGRI Grovestudies

By -
  1A)The simplist and most traditional method of drying ? A - SUN DRYING  Q - NFT - Nutrient Film Technique  Q = Which is the most harmful greenhouse gas ? A - CO2  Q - World ozone day  - 16 September Q - Earth Day celebrated as - 22 April  Q - PHT - Post harvest Technology  Q - PVC - Polu venyil chloride  Q - - Based on technology and control greenhouse divided into ? A - High-Tech or Controlled Environment Greenhouses: Equipped with advanced systems for precise control over temperature, humidity, light, and irrigation. Low-Tech Greenhouses: Basic structures with manual ventilation and minimal automation. Q - The process of separation of grain from chaff is called as ..... thresing  Q - The greenhouse project is viable if the NPV is ......... Positive  Q -  Briefly explain the moisture measurement and different methods used in moisture measurement A - Moisture measurement Moisture content is the amount of water present in agricultural produce, such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. M
Read more

mid 1

By -
  A In which rust diseases leaf blades, sheath, glumes and awns are infected. A - Brown Rust  B Optimum and maximum temperature for yellow rust infection is..15-20. C -  Mosaic in sugarcane transmitted by........... Virus  Causal organism of downy mildew in mustard .................. Peronospora parasiti Causal organism of grey mould........ Botrytis cineria  SECTION-B  2 A Write the symptom of loose smut and ergot of wheat. A - Loose smut and ergot are two distinct diseases affecting wheat, each caused by different pathogens and exhibiting unique symptoms. ### Loose Smut of Wheat **Pathogen:** *Ustilago tritici* **Symptoms:** 1. **Early Appearance:** Symptoms are noticeable at the time of heading. 2. **Smutty Spikes:** Infected spikes (ears) emerge from the boot earlier than healthy ones. The entire spike, including the grains, is replaced by a black, powdery mass of smut spores. 3. **Powdery Mass:** The black spores are easily dispersed by wind, leaving only the bare rachis (central
Read more

makeup

By -
   Here are the filled blanks for the questions you provided: Causal organism of  powdery mildew of mango :  Oidium mangiferae Causal organism of  leaf spot of rose :  Diplocarpon rosae Causal organism of  rust of wheat :  Puccinia triticina Name of bacterial disease:  Fire blight SECTION-B  A Write the disease symptom of red rot. B Define fungi Fungi are a diverse group of organisms belonging to the kingdom Fungi, which includes about 144,000 known species. They encompass various organisms such as yeasts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms. Fungi are eukaryotic, meaning they have cells with a nucleus enclosed within membranes. They reproduce through spores and often have a rigid cell wall made of chitin. The scientific study of fungi is known as mycology. C Draw the disease cycle of potato. D. Mention the symptoms of black rust Black rust is a plant disease that affects crops like wheat. The symptoms of black rust include: 1. Reddish-brown pustules on the wheat stem that turn black as they
Read more