1.0 Most Important Topics In Agriculture Heritage

By -

 HERITAGE :

 Inherited values carried from one generation to other generation.

AGRICULTURAL HERITAGE :

 Values and traditional practices adopted in ancient India which are more relevant for present day system. History denotes the continuous record of past events, where as heritage indicates the inherited values carried from one generation to other generation. Agricultural heritage denotes the values and traditional practices adopted in ancient India, which are more relevant for present day system.

Agriculture:- 

The term agriculture is derived from the two Latin words: Ager - Soil Cultura- Cultivation Hence, Cultivation of soil is called agriculture.
 So 
Agriculture means production of crops for economic purposes by cultivation of land.

In relation to crop and livestock farming, the term agriculture may be define as ‘ the art and sciences of growing plants and other crops and raising of animals for food, other human needs or economic gain’.

Role of Indian Agriculture on Economy ;- 


Largest Employment Providing Sector: 69.5% of the working population was engaged in agriculture. 
Provides Food to the Growing Population: Provides healthy, nutritious food to the ever growing population. 
Contribution to Capital Formation: Agriculture can play a big role in pushing the Capital Formation in India.
 Providing Raw Material to Industries: Agriculture provides raw materials to various industries of national importance. Sugar industry, Jute industry, Cotton textile industry, Vanaspati industry are examples of some such industries which depend on agriculture for their development.
Market for Industrial Products: Since more than two-thirds of the population of India lives in rural areas, increased rural purchasing power is a valuable stimulus to industrial development.
 Importance in International Trade: Agriculture constitutes about 75% of the total exports of the country

Scope of Indian Agriculture Agriculture: -

 The term agriculture is derived from two Latin words ager or agri meaning soil and cultura meaning cultivation. 
Agriculture is a broad term including all aspects of crop production, livestock farming, fisheries, forestry etc. 
 Agriculture is a branch of applied science. 
It is the art of farming including the work of cultivating the soil for producing crops and raising livestock. 
There are three main spheres of agriculture as under; Geoponic:- meaning cultivation in earth, Hydroponic:- meaning cultivation in water and Aeroponic:- meaning cultivation in air.

Indus valley civilization (4500-1500 BCE):- 

 Archaeological evidence of an animal drawn plough dates back to 2500 BCE.
Under Indus valley civilization irrigation channels achieved a new level of sophistication like the artificial reservoirs at Girnar dated to 3000 BC and early irrigation channel circa 2600 BC. Trade routes started developing around the world that gave immense boost to the cultivation of various indigenous crops of India.


Early Common Era – High Middle Ages (200–1200 CE) 

Systematic ploughing, manuring, weeding, irrigation and crop protection was practiced for sustained agriculture. 
Water storage systems were designed during this period. Kallanai (1st-2nd century CE), a dam built on river Kaveri during this period, is considered to be one of the oldest water-regulation structures in the world still in use. 
Spice trade involving spices native to India—including cinnamon and black pepper—gained momentum as India started shipping spices to the Mediterranean. 
 Crystallized sugar was discovered by the time of the Guptas (320-550 CE),and the earliest reference of candied sugar come from India.
 

Chronology of modern Agriculture :- 

1881: Separated Department of Agriculture. 
 1901: First Irrigation Commission 
 1905: Imperial Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) started a Pusa (Bihar) 
1926: Royal Commission on Agriculture, chairman: Lord Linlithgow 
 1929: Imperial Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), 16, July at New Delhi.
 1936: IARI shifted to New Delhi after a devastating earthquake in Pusa, Bihar in
 1934.

Agriculture institutes ;- 

ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai
ICAR-Central Institute of Cotton Research, Nagpur
ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur
ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan
ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

EXTRASSS Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture Test Solution by AGRI Grovestudies

By -
  1A)The simplist and most traditional method of drying ? A - SUN DRYING  Q - NFT - Nutrient Film Technique  Q = Which is the most harmful greenhouse gas ? A - CO2  Q - World ozone day  - 16 September Q - Earth Day celebrated as - 22 April  Q - PHT - Post harvest Technology  Q - PVC - Polu venyil chloride  Q - - Based on technology and control greenhouse divided into ? A - High-Tech or Controlled Environment Greenhouses: Equipped with advanced systems for precise control over temperature, humidity, light, and irrigation. Low-Tech Greenhouses: Basic structures with manual ventilation and minimal automation. Q - The process of separation of grain from chaff is called as ..... thresing  Q - The greenhouse project is viable if the NPV is ......... Positive  Q -  Briefly explain the moisture measurement and different methods used in moisture measurement A - Moisture measurement Moisture content is the amount of water present in agricultural produce, such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. M
Read more

mid 1

By -
  A In which rust diseases leaf blades, sheath, glumes and awns are infected. A - Brown Rust  B Optimum and maximum temperature for yellow rust infection is..15-20. C -  Mosaic in sugarcane transmitted by........... Virus  Causal organism of downy mildew in mustard .................. Peronospora parasiti Causal organism of grey mould........ Botrytis cineria  SECTION-B  2 A Write the symptom of loose smut and ergot of wheat. A - Loose smut and ergot are two distinct diseases affecting wheat, each caused by different pathogens and exhibiting unique symptoms. ### Loose Smut of Wheat **Pathogen:** *Ustilago tritici* **Symptoms:** 1. **Early Appearance:** Symptoms are noticeable at the time of heading. 2. **Smutty Spikes:** Infected spikes (ears) emerge from the boot earlier than healthy ones. The entire spike, including the grains, is replaced by a black, powdery mass of smut spores. 3. **Powdery Mass:** The black spores are easily dispersed by wind, leaving only the bare rachis (central
Read more

makeup

By -
   Here are the filled blanks for the questions you provided: Causal organism of  powdery mildew of mango :  Oidium mangiferae Causal organism of  leaf spot of rose :  Diplocarpon rosae Causal organism of  rust of wheat :  Puccinia triticina Name of bacterial disease:  Fire blight SECTION-B  A Write the disease symptom of red rot. B Define fungi Fungi are a diverse group of organisms belonging to the kingdom Fungi, which includes about 144,000 known species. They encompass various organisms such as yeasts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms. Fungi are eukaryotic, meaning they have cells with a nucleus enclosed within membranes. They reproduce through spores and often have a rigid cell wall made of chitin. The scientific study of fungi is known as mycology. C Draw the disease cycle of potato. D. Mention the symptoms of black rust Black rust is a plant disease that affects crops like wheat. The symptoms of black rust include: 1. Reddish-brown pustules on the wheat stem that turn black as they
Read more