4.0 Crop Significance and Classification

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Crops 

 A crop is "a plant or animal or plant or animal product that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence." 

Crop may refer either to the harvested parts or to the harvest in a more refined state (husked, shelled, etc.).

Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or aquaculture.

 Most crops are harvested as food for humans or livestock (fodder crops).


Classification of Crop Plants:

 Importance of classifying the Crop Plants: To get acquainted with crops. 

 To understand the requirement of soil & water different crops. To know adaptability of crops

. To know the growing habit of crops. 

 To understand climatic requirement of different crops.

 To know the economic produce of the crop plant & its use.

Classification based on climate:

 Tropical:

 Crops grow well in warm & hot climate. E.g. Rice, sugarcane, Jowar etc .

Temperate: 

Crops grow well in cool climate. E.g. Wheat, Oats, Gram, Potato etc.

Classification Based on growing season:

 Kharif/Rainy/Monsoon crops: 

The crops grown in monsoon months from June to Oct-Nov, Require warm, wet weather at major period of crop growth, also required short day length for flowering. E.g. Cotton, Rice, Jowar, bajara. 

 Rabi/winter/cold seasons crops: 

require winter season to grow well from Oct to March month. Crops grow well in cold and dry weather. Require longer day length for flowering. E.g. Wheat, gram, sunflower etc.

 Summer/Zaid crops: 

crops grown in summer month from March to June. Require warm day weather for major growth period and longer ay length for flowering. E.g. Groundnuts, Watermelon, Pumpkins, Gourds.

Classification based on life of crops/duration of crops:

 Seasonal crops: 

A crop completes its life cycle in one season- Kharif, Rabi. summer. E.g. rice, jowar, wheat etc. 

 Two seasonal crops: 

crops complete its life in two seasons. E.g. Cotton, turmeric, ginger.

 Annual crops: 

Crops require one full year to complete its life in cycle. E.g. sugarcane. 

 Biennial crops: 

which grows in one year and flowers, fructifies & perishes the next year E.g. Banana, Papaya. Perennial crops: crops live for several years. E.g. Fruit crops, mango, guava etc.

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